新冠肺炎後的重建計劃 知史鑑今 不蹈覆轍

Extent of damage that Corona pandemic is causing the world is just mind boggling. However, despite this massive damage it offers us an unparalleled opportunity.
新冠肺炎大流行對世界造成的破壞程度簡直令人難以置信。儘管如此，它卻為我們提供了絕佳的機會！
 
Right now the whole world has to address a big question. It is not about how to get the economy
running again. Luckily we know the answer. We have gathered good experiences of managing of a recovery process. The big question that we have to answer is: Do we take the world back to where it was before Coronavirus came? Or, we redesign the world? Decision is entirely ours.
現在，我們都必須解決一個世界性的大問題，這個問題並不是指如何使經濟恢復運作，這方面我們擁有許多很好的經驗，很快就能夠恢復正常。而我們必須回應的大問題是：我們是否讓這個世界回到新冠狀病毒出現之前的樣子？還是應該重新設計我們生活的環境？這決定權完全在我們手上！
 
Needless to say that the pre-Corona world was not good to us. Until Coronavirus became the news, the whole world was screaming about all the terrible things which are about to happen to the world. We were literally counting days when the whole planet would be unfit for human existence through climate catastrophe; how we are under serious threat of massive unemployment created by artificial intelligence; how wealth concentration was reaching an explosive level. We were reminding each other that the current decade is the decade of last chance. After this decade all our efforts will bring only marginal results, inadequate to save our planet.
無庸置疑的，在新冠肺炎爆發之前的地球並不利於我們生存，全世界都在為即將發生所有可怕的事情恐慌。倒數何時地球會因氣候問題變的不適合人類生存；討論因人工智能造成大規模失業的嚴重威脅；以及財富集中的情況什麼時候會到無法收拾的程度等等。我們必須互相提醒，當前的十年是最後一次機會。
 
Should we go back to that world? Choice is ours.
我們應該回到新型冠狀病毒前地球的樣子嗎？決定權完全在我們手上！
 
Coronavirus suddenly changed the context and calculus of the world. It has opened up audacious possibilities which never existed before. Suddenly we are at the tabula rasa. We can go any direction we want. What an unbelievable freedom of choice!
新冠狀病毒突如其來的改變世界的運作，它開闢了前所未有的可能性，我們可以朝著任何想要的方向前進，這是多麼令人難以想像的！
 
Before we restart the economy we must agree on what kind of economy we want. First and foremost we have to agree that the economy is a means. It facilitates us to reach the goals set by us. It should not behave like a death trap designed by some divine power to punish us. We should not forget for a moment that it is a tool made by us. We must keep on designing and redesigning it until we arrive at the highest collective happiness.
在經濟重啟之前，我們必須思考什麼樣的經濟模式是我們想要的。我們必須知道，經濟是一種手段，它有助於我們實現所設定的目標，它的運作不應該像某種死亡陷阱那樣懲罰我們。所以不能忘記它是我們製造的工具，我們必須繼續改良甚至重新設計，直到我們每個人都能得到幸福。
 
If at any point we feel that it is not taking us where we want to go, we immediately know that there is something wrong with its hardware or software that we are currently using. All we have to do is to fix it. We cannot excuse ourselves by saying ‘sorry we cannot achieve our goals because our software or hardware will not let us do that ’. That would be an unacceptably lame excuse . If we want to create a world of zero net carbon emission, we build the right hardware and software for it. If we want a world of zero unemployment, we do the same. If we want a
world where there will be no concentration of wealth, we do the same. It is all about building the right hardware, and the right software. Power is in us. When human beings set their mind to get something done, they just do it. Nothing is impossible for human beings.
 
如果發現沒有到達目的，我們會立即檢視正在運用的硬體或軟體是否存在某些問題，而我們所要做的就是修復它，不能以一句 「無法實現目標是因為我們的硬體或軟體不允許我們這樣做」的藉口來免責自己，這是無法被接受的！我們想創造一個零淨碳排放的環境，我們就應該為此設計合適的建設及措施；如果我們想要一個零失業的社會或是一個財富沒有過度集中的世界，我們也應該這樣做，問題將專注於如何設計正確的建設及措施。人類的力量無窮，當下定決心要完成某個目標時，就應該立即去做，沒有不能實現的目標。
 
The most exciting news is Corona crisis offers us almost limitless opportunities to make a fresh start. We can start designing our hardware and software in an almost clean screen.
最令人振奮的消息是，新型冠狀病毒的危機為我們提供了重新開始的機會。我們可以在幾乎乾淨的環境開始設計建設與政策。
 
Post-Corona Redesigning Must be Based on Social and Environmental Consciousness
必須以社會及環境意識為核心重新設計新冠肺炎後的世界
 
One simple unanimous global decision will help us tremendously: a clear instruction that we don’t want to go back to where we are coming from. We don’t want to jump into the same frying pan in the name of recovery.
全球一致的共識：不想回到新型冠狀病毒前的情況，這將有助於我們重建。我們不想以「恢復」的名義進行這項計畫。
 
We should not even call it a ‘recovery’ programme.
我們甚至不應該稱為“恢復”計畫。
 
To make our purpose clear, we may call it ‘reconstruction’ programme . Businesses will be made to play the key role to make it happen. The point of departure for post-Corona reconstruction programme must be putting social and environmental consciousness firmly at the centre stage for all decision making. Governments must guarantee that not a single dollar would be offered to anyone unless the government is sure that it will bring the maximum social and environmental benefit to the society, compared to all other options. All the reconstruction related actions must lead up to creation of a socially, economically, and environmentally conscious economy for the country, as well as for the world.
為了讓我們的目的更為清楚，我們可以將其命名為“重建”計畫。而企業將扮演實現這一目標的關鍵角色。在新冠肺炎後，重建計劃必須由「社會及環境意識」為出發點擬定所有決策。政府必須確保資本配置來最大化的社會和環境利益，以此做為評核標準。所有與重建有關的行動都必須促成為國家乃至世界具備社會、經濟和環境意識。
 
Time is NOW
現在就開始
 
We start with ‘reconstruction’ packages for social consciousness driven plans and actions. We must design our plans right now, when we are in the thick of the crisis. When the crisis will be over, there will be a stampede of old ideas and old examples of bailout to rush the actions their way. Strong cases will be made to derail the new initiatives by saying these are untested policies. (When we proposed that Olympic Games can be designed as social businesses, opponents made the same arguments. Now Paris Olympic 2024 is being designed that way with increasing excitement along the way.) We’ll have to get ready before the stampede begins. Time is NOW.
重建計畫必須以社會意識來驅動專案及行動為起點。當過去的計畫使我們陷入危機，就必須設計新的計劃。在危機結束過後，會有一些古老的政策及行動急於施行。他們會以新的計畫都是未經實驗的說詞，將新的計劃被否決。 （當我們提議將奧運會設計以社會型企業的方式推展時，對手也提出了同樣的論點。現在，2024年巴黎奧運正以這個概念設計，民眾也越來越有感而發。），因此，在開始之前我們就必須做好準備，現在就是最好的時機。
 
Social Business
社會型企業
 
In this comprehensive reconstruction plan I propose to give the central role to a new form of business called social business. It is a business created solely for solving people’s problems, without taking any personal profit by the investors except to recoup the original investment. After original investment comes back all subsequent profits are ploughed back into the business.
在這項全面的重建計劃中，我建議以社會型企業來扮演核心的角色。它是一種專門為解決人類問題而創建的公司，除了收回原始投資的資金外，投資者沒有獲得任何額外的利潤。收回投資本金後，所有後續利潤都將投入回到社會型企業的業務中。
 
Governments will have many opportunities to encourage, prioritize, open up space for social businesses to undertake major redesigning responsibilities. At the same time, Governments
should not expect social businesses show up everywhere at the time and size they are needed. Governments must launch their programmes , such as taking care of the destitutes and the unemployed through traditional welfare programmes, offering healthcare, reviving all essential services, and supporting all types of businesses where social business options are slow to come forward.
各國政府未來將有很多機會來支持社會型企業，同時，政府不應期望社會型企業在規定的時間和規模出現。各國政府必須啟動如同照顧貧困者和失業者的傳統福利計劃，為社會型企業提供相關的福利政策，支持企業慢慢出現的所有業務形式。
 
To speed up the entry of social businesses Governments can create Social Business Venture Capital Funds, centrally and locally, encourage private sector, foundations, financial institutions, investment funds, to create Social Business Venture Capital Funds, encourage traditional companies to become social businesses themselves or take in social business partners, corporates and all businesses may be encouraged to have their own social businesses or create joint venture social businesses with social business partners.
為加快社會型企業的發展，政府可以成立中央或地方的社會型企業基金，鼓勵傳統公司轉型成為社會型企業，或是與社會型企業合作，成為合作夥伴，讓傳統企業擁有自己的社會型企業。
 
Under the rebuilding programme governments can finance social businesses to buy up companies, and tie-up with needy companies to transform them into social businesses. Central bank can allow social businesses, like other businesses, to receive financing from financial institutions to invest in stock market.
藉由重建計劃，政府可以資助社會型企業收購公司，並與有需要的公司合作將其轉變為社會型企業。中央銀行則可允許社會型企業像其他企業一樣，從金融機構獲得資金，投資股票市場。
 
There will be so many opportunities arising during the rebuilding process; governments should involve as many social business actors as possible.
在世界重建的過程中將會產生有很多機會，政府應該盡可能讓更多的社會型企業家參與。
 
Who Are the Social Business Investors?
誰會是社會型企業的投資者？
 
Who are the social business investors? Where do we find them?
誰會是社會型企業投資者？我們如何找到他們？
 
They are every where. We don’t see them because our existing economic textbooks don’t recognize their existence. As a result our eyes are not to trained to see them. Only recently economics courses are including some discussions on topics like social business, social entrepreneurship, impact investment, non-profit organizations etc as side issues inspired by the global admiration for Grameen Bank and microcredit.
社會型企業的投資人無所不在，我們之所以沒有發現他們，是因為現有關於經濟的教科書中從未提及，僅僅只有在最近的經濟學課程才加入一些話題的討論，如社會型企業、社會型企業家精神、影響力投資、非營利組織等等，而這些都是格萊珉銀行和小額信貸的成功所產生的影響。
 
As long as economics remains a science for profit maximization , we cannot rely entirely on it for the reconstruction programme which is based on social and environmental consciousness. The whole strategy would be to enlarge the proportion of social business in the total economy as the economy grows. Success of social business will be visible when not only it will grow into larger percentage of the economy, but also there will be rapid growth in the number of entrepreneurs where same entrepreneurs are doing both types of businesses. This will signal the beginning of a social and environmental consciousness driven economy.
只要經濟學仍是視利潤最大化為目標，一個具有社會及環境意識的世界就不能完全依靠它來進行重建計劃。整體策略應隨著經濟的增長，擴大社會型企業在整體經濟中所佔的比例。當社會型企業在整體經濟中佔有更大的比重時，它將會有足夠的影響力，而且在同一類型的企業家從事兩種企業的情況下，企業家的數量也會迅速增長，開展以社會和環境意識為核心的經濟模式。
 
As soon as government policy starts recognizing the social business entrepreneurs and investors, such entrepreneurs and investors will come forward enthusiastically to play the important social role demanded by the historical opportunity. Social business entrepreneurs are not members of a small do-gooder community. This is a significant global eco-system which includes giant multinational companies, big social business funds, many talented CEOs, corporate bodies, foundations, trusts, with many years of experiences in financing and running
global and local social businesses.
一旦政府政策開始認可社會型企業家及投資人，他們將在社會中扮演重要的角色。社會型企業家可以是巨型跨國公司、大型社會型企業基金、許多才華橫溢的執行長、公司團體、基金會、信託基金，以及具有多年融資和運營經驗遍及全球和在地的社會型企業，這些將組成一個重要的全球系統。
When the concept and the experiences of social businesses start receiving government attention many hardcore personal profit makers will be happy to bring out the unexplored part of their talent to become successful social business entrepreneurs and play very valuable social roles at time of social and economic crises like climate crisis, unemployment crisis, wealth concentration crisis, etc.
當社會型企業的概念開始受到政府關注時，許多以營利為目標的企業家將很樂於發掘其才華橫溢的人才，協助他們成為成功的社會型企業家，並在社會和經濟危機之時(例如氣候危機，失業危機，財富集中危機等)，在社會中扮演非常重要的角色。
 
People Are Born as Entrepreneurs, Not as Job-Seekers
人們天生就是企業家，而不應該是求職者
 
Reconstruction programmes must break a traditional division of work between citizens and the government. It is taken for granted that the citizens’ role is to take care of their families and pay taxes; it is the responsibility of the Government (and to a limited extent of non-profit sector) to take care of all collective problems, like climate, jobs, healthcare, education, water, and so on. Reconstruction programmes should break this wall of separation and encourage all citizens to come forward and show their talent as problem-solvers by creating social businesses. Their strength is not in the size of their initiatives, but in their number. Each small initiative multiplied by a big number turns out to be a significant national action.
重建計劃必須打破人民與政府之間分工的傳統思維。在過去人們認為公民的職責是照顧家庭並繳稅，而政府（和有限的非營利部門中）則負責解決所有大環境的問題，例如氣候、工作、醫療保健、教育、水等等。而未來的重建計劃應打破這個限制，鼓勵所有公民挺身而出，透過創建社會型企業來展示他們解決問題的能力。其影響力不在於他們的企業規模大小，而是數量的多寡，集結眾多的小計劃，就足以成為一項重大的國家行動。
 
One problem that the social business entrepreneurs can immediately address will be the problem of unemployment created by the collapse of the economy. Social business investors can get busy with creating social businesses to create jobs for the unemployed. They can also open up the option of transforming the unemployed into entrepreneurs, and demonstrating that human beings are born as entrepreneurs, not as job-seekers. Social businesses can engage themselves in creating a robust health system in collaboration with government system.
社會型企業家可以立即解決經濟崩潰造成的失業問題，而社會型企業投資者則可以不斷地創建社會型企業，為失業者創造就業機會，他們還可以將失業者轉型成為企業家，證明人類的誕生是作為一名企業家而不是一名求職者。社會型企業可以與政府合作，共同創建強大的衛生系統。
 
A social business investor doesn’t necessarily have to be an individual. They can be institutions, such as, investment funds, foundations, trusts, social business management companies. Many of these institutions know very well how to work in friendly ways with the traditional owners of the companies. Out of the desperation and urgency of the post-Corona situation a right call from a government can create a surge of activities which were never known before. This will be the test of leadership to show how a world can be inspired to be re-born in a completely unknown ways, coming from the youths, middle aged, and the old, men and women.
社會型企業投資者不一定是個人，舉凡像投資基金、基金會、信託、社會型企業管理公司等機構都能夠投資社會型企業，在這些機構中有許多經理人了解如何與傳統企業主合作。鑑於新型冠狀病毒時期過後，局勢的絕望和緊迫性，政府的政策方向將影響未來的經濟活動，使世界以不同以往的方式重生，各年齡層的人民都將參與其中。
 
Will Have No Place to Hide
覆巢之下無完卵
 
If we fail to undertake a social and environmental consciousness driven post-Corona programme we will be heading for a catastrophe that is many times worse that what corona brought in. We can hide in our homes from Coronavirus, but if we fail to address the deteriorating global issues, we’ll not have any place to hide from the angry Mother Nature and the angry masses all around the world.
如果新型冠狀病毒後的改造計劃仍沒有考量以社會和環境意識為核心，我們即將面臨的情況會比新型冠狀病毒所帶來的災難更加嚴重。我們可以躲在家裡避免遭受病毒感染，但面對全世界持續惡化的環境以及憤怒的群眾，我們將無處可躲！